End of Course Reflection Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

End of Course Reflection - Essay Example I also learnt time management skills from the assignment deadlines and now I believe I am a better person than I was to join the corporate world. Conversely, the course was well structured as it included all aspects of learning that allowed as students to captivate knowledge and skills to mold our psychology as we go out to the job market (Harvard and Hodkinson, 2004). Personally, I have been elevated by the course since most of the stuff that I previously did not have interest in are currently my new passion. The course has modeled me in all aspects; educationally, socially and morally, thus I am in a better position to solve the current problems in the field and the world since the skills that I possess are enough to enable me come up with a formidable solutions to the current problems in the field. Finally, the course presented a challenge through its objectives, thus we as students had the obligation to satisfy the general goals of the course; I am glad that I have satisfactorily met a significant amount of the course responsibility and hope the knowledge will be of great importance in the practical field (Williamson,

Time and Generation Essay Example for Free

Time and Generation Essay GENERATION Z A NAME GIVEN FOR THE PEOPLE BORN AFTER LATE 90’S SO WE ARE KNOWN IN A COHORT BY THIS NAME. PAST GENERATION WAS A GENERATION WHICH WAS A GENERATION IDENTIFIED AS THE RISING WORLD OR A DEVELOPING WORLD, WHILE AT PRESENT WE HAVE THE TECHNOLOGY WHICH IS THE KEY POINT IN OUR GENERATION. OUR PARENTS DID NOT HAVE THE TECHNOLOGY WHICH WE HAVE AT PRESENT WE CAN TAKE 100% ADVANTAGE OF IT IF WE DESIRE. AND EVEN IF THEY HAD, THEY WERE UNAWARE OF IT AS IT WAS A DEVELOPING ERA. TECHNOLOGY AND RELATIONSHIP ARE THE TWO MAJOR DIFFERENCES FROM MY SIDE. TECHNOLOGY PROS IF I GO AMONG THE POSITIVE SIDE IT WOULD HAVE INESTIMABLE POSITIVE EFFECTS, LIKE IF I TALK OF GOOGLE THE MOST WELL-KNOWN WEB BROWSER. BY THE EXPLORATION OF A SINGLE ASSEMBLY MILLIONS OF PEOPLE CAN GET THE ACCURATE INFORMATION OR ANY SORT OF NEW INFORMATION. IF I WANT TO CONNECT TO MY DISTANT LIVING MATE I WILL JUST HAVE TO OPEN ANY SOCIAL NETWORKING SITE AND CONNECT TO HIM. IT WAS NOT POSSIBLE FOR THE GENERATION IN WHICH OUR PARENTS’ LIVED. WE DECREASE OUR EFFORT WITH THE HELP OF MACHINERIES. IN SHORT, MY POINT IS THAT WE HAVE THE TECHNOLOGY BY WHICH WE CAN MAKE EVERYTHING POSSIBLE WHICH OUR PARENTS DIDN’T HAVE. CONS AS IT HAS MANY POSITIVE POINTS IT DO HAVE SOME NEGATIVE POINTS WHICH ARE IN A SMALL AMOUNT BUT VERY DANGEROUS. LIKE IF I TALK ABOUT DEPENDENCY. WE ALL ARE COMPLETELY DEPENDED ON THE NEW GENERATION Z’S TECHNOLOGY. WE HAVE FORGOTTEN THAT WE CAN SURVIVE WITHOUT THEM. IF WE DO NOT GET ANY OF THE DEVICES WHICH WE HAVE OUR BRAIN WOULD TOTALLY GO BLANK AND ALWAYS A THOUGHT WOULD RUN OVER THE MID THAT HOW TO MAKE THIS WORK POSSIBLE WITHOUT THIS DEVICE. RELATIONSHIP IF WE TALK ABOUT THE MAINTENANCE IN THE RELATIONSHIP, WE DO NOT KNOW HOW TO DO IT WHILE OUR PARENTS KNOW HOW TO MAINTAIN IT. WE EVEN DO NOT KNOW HOW TO MAINTAIN THE RELATIONSHIP WITH OUR OWN PARENTS. USUALLY IN HOME THERE IS A BATTLE AMONG A 7 YEARS OLD KID AND HIS MOTHER OR FATHER. THAT’S A VERY SHOCKING POINT IN TODAY’S GENERATION. IF WE DON’T KNOW HOW TO CREATE RELATION BETWEEN WE AND OUR PARENTS THAN HOW CAN YOU CREATE RELATION WITH YOUR FRIENDS, YOUR TUTOR E. T. C WHICH AFFECTS US IN FUTURE†¦ IF I TALK ABOUT THE FUTURE GENERATION ,THEY CAN UNDENIABLY BE AFFECTED BY THE WORK DONE OF THE PRESENT GENERATION. AS I’VE TALKED ON THE MISSING POINT OF THE RELATIONSHIP IN OUR GENERATION THE FUTURE GENERATION WOULD BE LIKE LIVING ALONE. ALL THE HUMAN BEINGS WILL LIVE IN A DUAL LIFE ONE FAKE AND OTHER THE REAL ONE. IN A FAMILY OF 4 MEMBERS, ALL THE FOUR MEMBERS WILL LIVE A DIFFERENT LIFE. WHICH IS NOT A GOOD THING NO ONE COULD GIVE ANYBODY ANY KIND OF OPINION BY THE PERSONAL EXPERIENCES BY WHICH THE FUTURE GENERATION WOULD NOT HAVE A NICE FUTURE. SO WE CAN SAY THAT BY OUR PARANOMAL ACTIVITIES OUR GENERATIONS WILL HAVE TO FACE GREAT PROBLEMS. BY ALL THIS INFORMATION WE CAN CONCLUDE THAT OUR PARENTS IN THE MATTER OF TECHNOLOGY SHOULD CO – OPERATE A BIT THEY SHOULD FEEL FREE TO ASK US ABOUT THE LATEST TECHS AND ITS USES. AND WE SHOUD START SPENDING A LITTLE TIME NICELY WITH OUR PARENTS BY WHICH WE CAN LEARN BILLION OF THINGS FROM THEM. SO DO FOLLOW THE WORDS GIVEN HERE AND SAVE YOUR FUTURE GENERATIONS. IF I TALK ABOUT MY FUTURE CAREER THEN EVEN IT WOULD BE SPOILED BECAUSE OF MY RELATIONS WITH MY PARENTS. SO EVEN FOR OUR SELFISHNESS WE SHOULD SPEND SOME TIME POLITELY WITH THEM AND CHANGE ORT FEELINGS FOR THEM.

The Impact Of Deregulation Of Tourism Tourism Essay

The Impact Of Deregulation Of Tourism Tourism Essay National security has always been an issue dating back to as early as when man started organizing himself in society. Tourism has become a major pillar of modern-day economies and cultures. This research examines the impact of tourism deregulation or the simplification of government rules and requirements on tourism to national security. The study will also cover areas on importation of terrorism through tourism; compare tourism crime and other types of crime and finally investigate the changes in crime rate in countries that deregulate tourism. The resident attitudes towards the impacts of deregulation of tourism on national economy will be explored. Questionnaires and simple random sampling can be methods of data collection from the respondents. The data collected will be analyzed using the statistical package for the social sciences. The findings of the study will be presented using pie charts and graphs. Tourism and security are interrelated and inseparable. The security of the tourists is the primary concern of every host government because of it only where they feel safe that they will spend and visit again. The current economic state of most countries has presented a problem because governments have to come up with ways of raising foreign earnings to raise money to service the national debt and keep the economy afloat. One of the solutions has been to simplify government regulations for the tourism industry to attract more traffic. While this has been successful in most countries, recent evidence has raised questions of what effects lower standards for tourists have on the national security of the host country. Tourism is a delicate and dynamic industry. Although tourists have specific countries they want to tour based on experience, recommendation or the spirit of adventure, it is worth noting that some tourists have other agendas. It is impossible to know legitimate tourists from people with hidden agendas such as terrorists without the proper legislation. At the same time tourists are usually free to travel to destinations of their choice avoiding destinations associated with risk. It has been observed that the consequences of disastrous events on tourist destinations are spontaneous and adverse. Some of the insecurity concerns include terrorism of any kind where governments issue travel advisories to their citizens to not visit the affected country. A problem presents itself when the tourism has been imported in the guise of tourism, such that terrorists disguise themselves as normal tourists to enter countries. If stringent laws for immigration were to be put in place as they were befo re, it would be possible to pick the wheat from the chaff. According to (Zurick, 2006) the concept of security has changed through the decades from one of collective security and common defense to embrace notions of common and cooperative security. Despite the damage done to the concept of collective security because of the United States led invasion of Iraq, the development of common security structures through collective as well as multilateral frameworks such as the United Nations is still an important aspect for the expansion of security concerns to cover a nations environment, health and economic security threats. This research also considers that tourism organizations have little influence on peace and security agendas despite the fact that they are important for tourism. This is particularly at the micro-level whereby appropriate tourism development initiatives may serve as a means to prevent potential future conflict over resource and environmental security challenges. 1.2 Safety, security and destination image The world has become a global village and the global relationships have become turbulent, this has therefore called for destination marketing organizations which focus their attention in demonstrating that there is safety for tourists. A tourist perception about a particular destination which may be caused by negative publicity is mostly a question of security and safety. Often, this negative publicity may be unrelated to the reality on the ground but it has more than significant effects on the tourism sector and the economy as a unit. Tourism deregulation impacts on national security can be categorized into positive and negative category based upon economic, socio-cultural, and environmental impacts. According to (Hall, Dallen Duval 2003), tourism is greatly affected by and affects security. The destination a tourist chooses is determined by how safe he or she knows it be, or has been advised is. Changes in the global security affect tourism greatly. The security concerns affect both tourists and the host country that has to face the fact that not all individuals visiting the country have good intentions. Responsible tourists take time to investigate the security situation in the countries they intend to visit. Such responsible tourists should be aware of security risks and take precautions to mitigate such effects or avoid them completely. The September 11th terrorist attacks on the World Trade Towers in the United States of America are an epitome of events that can affect the tourist traffic of any country. Terrorist attacks have an impact on travel, leisure industries and tourist destinations. As a consequence more focus and attention has been directed towards tourism safety and security issues than ever before. The impact of deregulation on tourism laws on national security is a matter that cannot be ignored. Recent research is being focused further on the analysis of not only how travel safety can be promoted but also how security concerns may be incorporated in terms of tourism marketing. The management is also being enhanced to enable the industry become more responsive to chal lenges of security both internal and imported. Countries with unstable security history tend to be paranoid about security but stable and relatively safe countries have been continuously passing regulation that simplifies the process of obtaining tourist visas. The movement of the tourists is also not restricted or monitored. While this markets the country as place where the privacy of visitors is guaranteed and protected, it also attracts people of questionable character. These individuals might commit crime and abscond, or some might use the stability and anonymity to plan attacks on other countries. The latter situation can create a diplomatic spat which, unchecked, could escalate to war. Tourism activities can be affected by either external or internal forces; such forces may include war, terrorism activities, economic recessions, disaster, and financial crisis among others. Nations and cities which have experienced terrorist attacks for example New York and Washington faced profound impact on global travel (Blackford, 2004). The area of security is broad and sensitive and is affected by many things. The relationship between deregulation of tourism and national security can be explored in different perspectives. For example, in examining this relationship the research will look at whether the deregulation of air transport has influenced national security and the tourist destination countries in different nations. Terrorism will also be examined to investigate whether it can be imported in the guise of tourism. It will further examine the impact of deregulation on capacity as well as fares. The study also attempts to determine the impact deregulation has caused on marketing of tourist destinations and attractions. Finally, the research will investigate the impacts of tourism deregulation on transport at the destination areas. The research will also compare tourism crime and other types of crime (Hall, Dallen Duval 2003). 1.3 Statement of the problem The tourism industry has grown tremendously and thus every country is trying to gain a competitive advantage in order to market tourism adequately. This has lead to deregulation of tourism to assist raise tourist traffic. This research will seek to identify these impacts in a wider perspective with respect to crimes related to tourism and also seek to explore the rate of crime in countries that deregulate tourism. With globalization becoming embraced internationally the need for national security has been an issue of concern not only in tourism but in other areas as well. This concern is fundamental if nations are to enjoy and promote tourism while protecting the national security by preventing tourism crime, terrorism and other threats to a nations security that could be as a result of tourism deregulation. Research and experience have evidenced that tourism is a crucial factor that can contribute greatly to the development of a nations economy. It is therefore worth noting that tourism is directly associated and related with the cultural, economic as well as the intellectual potential of any nation. Currently available statistical data indicates that tourism is a leading profit earner in most developing industries in the world and thus the need to protect and uplift it as while not compromising as the national security of a country. It is expected that in the early 21st century the number of tourists will increase dramatically and consequently the revenues from tourism will increase considerably. The evident threats to national security are not something any country passing legislation to deregulate the market can ignore. The purpose of this research is to identify this threats and the correlation it has with deregulating the tourism sector. 1.4 Research objectives This study will be focus on achieving the following objectives: 1. To investigate whether terrorism can be imported in the guise of tourism. 2. To investigate whether countries that deregulate tourism experience high crime rate. 3. To investigate the relationship and compare tourism crime and other types of crime. 4. To identify the impacts of airlines deregulation in international areas with respect to tourism. CHAPTER TWO LITERATURE REVIEW 2.0 Introduction According to the World Trade Organization (WTO), tourism is one of the top five foreign exchange earners in approximately 83% of countries and the main foreign exchange earner for at least 38% of countries globally. In most of these countries foreign exchange earnings are usually used to purchase imports and augment reserves. They generate income in the particular country and can stimulate consumer spending and investment in other sectors of the economy. Tourism provides an ideal situation where there is little need to compensate from outside because it grows the local industries and resources. It has ripple effect on the rest of the economy and any country that realizes this need to come up with innovative ways to encourage tourists to visit the country. Some tourists are turned away by stringent laws of immigration or stay and it has become the norm for most countries to deregulate the market. Tourism is an exciting and fascinating industry. The industrys contribution to the national economy is significant. The major threats to this lucrative industry are socioeconomic problems related to increased level of crime rates and the depletion of resources or sites and events that attract tourists. Similarly, due to the current rise in terrorist activity, it has become a major concern for the natives of the countries being toured. According to Williams (1997) crime is a common social issue which threatens the safety of the people, property, their sense of well being, and also causes entropy to the social order. Crime also reduces peoples quality of life because they are not psychologically at peace and are therefore not able to work as well or as much as they potentially can.(Cracraft, 2000). In all countries of the world associated with popular destinations, crime has been a major threat to the stability of the economy. In a Newsweek research conducted by Zakaria (2002) tourism safety and security matters raised by allowing tourists in is a major headache for any government. It is evident that crime against tourists or associated with tourism is considerably high in tourist destinations. This research therefore investigates the extent to which crime has an impact in a nations security. It is of importance to analyze the impact of passing legislation that lowers the bar for tourists and whether it has become an avenue for crme and threats to national security. 2.1 Impacts of airline deregulation According to (Fallon, 2002), nations globally have realized that liberal aviation agreements have significant impact tourism amongst signatory parties. Recently, there has been deregulation of airlines leading to the growth of low-cost carriers and overcapacity in airline industry to bolster tourist numbers. Further deregulation of international air travel has seen the tourism industry grow significantly as simplified requirements to visit countries are major attraction for potential tourists. In addition, governments are encouraging movements towards agreements with country blocks or many nations rather than individual nations to create open skies in different geographic regions. The result of this is that people are able to move across borders with minimal or no paperwork. For nations to ensure the sustained growth and success of the international airline industry it has become important to adopt aviation policies which are conducive to open skies agreements. This has liberalized air travel beyond existing restraining bilateral among nations. This has a significant impact on tourism as well as other industries, as this facilitates the movement of people around the world. For example the signing of the open skies agreement between the United States and the Philippines deregulated tourism rules. While this is a way of growing the economy, its potential effects on national security are far-reaching. The wanton and indiscriminate hosting of people without adequate paperwork carries with it the risk of encouraging criminal activates. 2.2 Socio-cultural impacts of tourism deregulation on national security According to (Blackford, 2002) it is a fact that tourism has a big impact on the economy of a nation, its cultures as well as the ecosystems. Despite this it is one of the least regulated industries in globally. This has opened up destination countries further to the influx of foreign earnings and capital. This trend of deregulation favors major international hotel chains and tour operators while at the same time providing the residents of the country to earn from the resources, whether man-made or natural. Tourism has long been viewed as the reason for the spread of the global mentality. Cultures and social practices are imported as locals learn from visitors. The lack of adequate background checks on tourists, while offering an ideal protection of the visitors privacy poses a problem. The host country is exposed to the risk of allowing individuals of questionable character into the country. Interaction of these individuals with the locals might do more harm than good. The possible causes of some of the security situations include crime related incidents, terrorism, war, and political unrest or instability. The crime related security incidents may be in different forms such as theft, robbery, rape, murder, piracy and kidnapping. Local residents may commit crimes against residents, tourists against locals, tourist against other tourists, or may take other forms such as organized crimes against tourism enterprises. A specific environmental issue relates to the increased number of planes traversing the skies has led to greenhouse warming. Airplane contrails generate cirrus clouds, which reflect the suns rays and warm the atmosphere (Zakaria, 2007). As this is mostly the result of new fuel-efficient aircraft, which produce less heat and a cooler mixture of exhaust air conducive to contrail formation, governments should consider the environmental impact of more commercial aircraft in the transatlantic market. This rise is directly proportional to tourist traffic because airlines will tend to increase flights to popular destinations so as to increase their turnover. 2.3 Deregulation of immigration and tourism laws. It is prudent to note that this research does not in any way imply that attempts to deregulate the market are inn-informed. On the contrary, liberalizing the industry is a crucial step toward achieving the vision of a global village vision and making the world a better place. However, to deregulate without adequately researching on the effects and impacts on national security is ill-advised. It is no secret that every country has enemies or people who would want to cause harm to it. While most of these groups or individuals might not make their intentions known, the methods they use to deliver the punch are criminal at the least. The template is to exploit the weaknesses in the countrys laws and find the opportune moment to strike and send the chilling message. Giving visas to all and sundry without first checking their backgrounds or requiring adequate and authentic proof of identification might be good for trade, but it is not the least conducive for the security of all affected. Tourists are not required to give detailed schedules of their stays in the countrys they visit and this is the perfect recipe for clandestine operations and activates. 2.4 Importation of terrorism through the guise of tourism According to Cracraft (1986) tourism is an activity that is sensitive and a nation will react rapidly to crime. Acts of terrorism are always a drawback to tourist destinations because it is followed by negative publicity and a host of travel advisories. This is because terrorism acts often indicate inadequacy of security and safety controls. Recent happenings have shown a disturbing trend where terrorists sneak into countries disguised as terrorists, leave among the locals as they plan their crimes. This worrying trend has created a situation of suspicion of people from certain places perceived to breed terrorists such as Middle East. This blanket stigmatization and the blanket security regulations that follow are saddening. The security concerns and weaknesses exposed can be pre-empted by having adequate laws that tend to pick the wheat from the chaff, instead of being left behind to sort the debris. 2.5The difference between tourism crime and other types of crime The growth of tourism has always been associated with increases in the level of certain types of crime (Goliath, 2004). The growth of tourism can also be associated with modernization and development which is a source of social instability which leads to criminal behavior. In addition, tourism crimes are often highly publicized, and the subsequent media publicity is a dent on the countrys image. Another consideration is the fact that tourism growth is mostly accompanied by growth in the resident population. It is important to distinguish between criminal acts directed towards the tourists and those committed by the tourists there are many factors that make tourists attractive as targets of crime which include. While crime is primarily an illegal attempt to earn a living, tourism crime is mostly premeditated and about more than just earning a days meal. It is about achieving a personal, social, religious or economic obligation either to oneself of to a group. As countries continue to pass laws that simplify the entry and stay of tourists without taking into account the dynamic nature of the human being, it becomes impossible to shield against crimes related to tourists. Most of the tourists may be usually highly noticeable because of their race, clothing, speech, and even the tendency to carry valuable items such as cameras, backpacks which attract therein criminals. It is often perceived that tourists are wealthy people and are more likely to be in possession of valuable items. Tourists are mostly accompanied by tour guides and at times they may be strangers. At times in the destination few people may be aware of their specific activity pattern. For example the murder of Meredith Kerche in Perugia, Italy has had huge media attention in the United Kingdom. In addition, issues such as drug and tourism, sex tourism as well as other related crime and social disorder among holidaymakers. The high rate of exposure of tourists as targets to criminal activity in some destinations is illustrated by the findings that have seen tourists being stolen of their belongings or property (Schollmeyer, 2003).This social wrongs impact negatively on the national security because negative social behavior such as drug use and sex trade are primary causes of crime. It has also been observed that criminal activities can as well be committed by the tourists themselves, either against the locals or other tourists. Where certain forms of tourism either foster or entail criminal activities, it is the tourist who is usually seen as the lead player in initiating or engaging in some kind of illegal activity-. The most, obvious example invokes forms of tourism, such as those involving certain types of related activity, which are defined as illegal by destination authorities. While tourism activity may be not completely illegal but a strong criminal association may exist. The best example of this indirect relationship is gambling, given the involvement of organized crime cartels in casino businesses. The influx in tourists to these places might raise the economic might of criminals, emboldening them and causing a general rise in the crime rate of the country. Finally, there are those tourist activities that can degenerate into criminal behavior because o f the presence of alcohol, drugs, arguments or stereotypes 2.6 Crime rate in countries that deregulate tourism It is evident that there is high crime rate in countries that deregulate tourism, for example sex tourism industry has increased all over South East of Asia and Burma (Kristiansen Trion, 2005) and the crime rates in South Africa during high tourism seasons is evident. In these regions tourists are highly involved in criminal activities and are often associated with several kinds of human rights abuses, and the spread of HIV/AIDS. For example women and juveniles are often coerced to engage in the sex trade against their will. While these crimes are abetted by locals, it is the presence of tourists with ill-intentions that causes the rise. As observed earlier the impacts of crime on the destination are diverse. Some cases involve crimes related to drug use, whereby the destinations image becomes blotted resulting in significant decline in tourist demand. On the other hand, theft may occur at tourist destinations where the tourists are at the wrong place at the wrong time. In addition, tourists may contribute to this by engaging in illegal activates or getting involved with criminals. (Magenta , 2009, pp56). CHAPTER THREE RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 3.1 Introduction In order to achieve the research objectives a multi-method approach will be adopted, by use of both qualitative and quantitative data collection methods. Quantitative methods will focus on providing a broad statistical measure of the nature, extent and impact of deregulation of tourism on national security using a reasonable sample size. In depth and comprehensive qualitative information will be collected on the impacts of deregulation of security on national security, importation of crime through tourism, comparison between tourism crime and other types of crime. The research will employ questionnaires to collect data from the respondents as one of the data collection tools. Interviews schedules will also be applied to interview the randomly selected sample population. This chapter presents a description of the procedures and methods that the researcher will use in order to obtain the required data needed for the study. It comprises of research design, data collection instruments, the target population, the sampling strategy, and data analysis methods. 3.2 Research design The researcher will employ quantitative research method. The quantitative research design to be used will be a causal comparative design. The causal comparative design will allow the researcher to collect one or more information from one participant. A casual comparative research allows researcher to investigate the possibility of a causal relationship among variables that cannot be manipulated. This research design will be used to establish the factors that influence employee training. 3.3 Target population The target population will involve the immigration departments, tourists and locals of the target country. 3.4 Sampling strategy Simple random sampling techniques will be the data collection methods from the various departments. The employees will be randomly selected from each department to yield the total sample population. Purposive sampling will be used to select employees who are trained. Purposive sampling is a sampling technique that allows a researcher to use cases that have the required information with respect to the objectives of the study. 3.5 Data collection tools and instruments. The researcher intends to use questionnaires in this study. This is to provide high accuracy and validity of the study. The questionnaire is a convenient tool especially where there are a large number of subjects to be handled. The questionnaire facilitates easy and quick derivation of information within a short time. The information obtained will enable to investigate the impacts of deregulation of tourism on the national security. 3.6.1. T-test T-test will be used to test whether there are significant differences between two mean derived from the samples of groups at a specified probability level. 3.6.2 Chi-square Chi-square is a statistical technique which attempts to establish the relationship between two variables both of which are categorical in nature. The technique compares the proportion observed in each category with what would be expected under the assumptions of independence between the two variables. CHAPTER FOUR DISSECTION 4.1 Data analysis The researcher will establish whether all questionnaires are all completed. Data collected from open ended and closed questions will be coded for analysis purpose. Descriptive and inferential statistics will be used in data analysis. The data will be analyzed using the statistical package for the social sciences (SPSS). The descriptive statistics which will be used in analysis includes means, frequencies, percentages and standard deviation. The inferential statistics that will be used in data analysis will be chi-square and T-test for independent samples. 4.2 Expected results It is expected that this research will yield results that show an upsurge in crime levels in countries that have liberalized tourism industry. In some countries with more stringent practices and therefore less tourism traffic, it is obvious that the crimes related with tourism will be less. This is a wake-up call to all legislators to take necessary precaution when passing laws that deregulate the market and give the players a free-hand to do what they want. National security should take priority over economic gain.

Impact Of Agents Of Socialization On Pester Power Education Essay

Impact Of Agents Of Socialization On Pester Power Education Essay Introduction In this ever changing world, there is an increasing trend in the recognition of pester power of children by the marketers. Pester power is basically the influencing power of the children which they exercise in their routine life to get what they want and indirectly affect the buying decision of their parents. The basic reason behind the acknowledgement of pester power is that exposure of the children is growing over time as they are getting more social so dictating buying decisions of their parents. Thus pester power will be the main focus of my dissertation and the researcher will attempt to determine various factors of socialization that are gradually playing their role in strengthening this kid-influence on parents purchase of products. Background The term Pester Power first originated in US in late 1970s, described as the power children had, by repeated nagging, of influencing their parents to buy advertised or fashionable items. Nicholls and Cullen (2004) studied this parent-child relationship which results in pester power and developed a matrix for it which shows that while a family in making a buying decision parents and child both have to make a tradeoff between desire of control over decision and self realization of resulting purchase. Figure below is the matrix developed by Nicholls and Cullen (2004) it depicts that when children has high self realization and parents have high desire for control their interaction results in pester power of children. Source: Nicholls, A. J., Cullen, P. (2004). The child-parent purchase relationship: pester power, human rights and retail ethics. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services Problem discussion Children has an increased access to pocket money and a bigger say in purchase decisions is a result of children getting more information from various sources, being more social and demanding as well. This increase in population of youngsters and their influencing power determines a large potential customer base for marketers. Objectives and research question Based upon above background of study and problem discussion, purpose or main objective of this study is to provide a better understanding of how the agents of socialization of children make them influence their parents purchase decision. In order to conduct this research, research questions are Primary Research question RQ: Do the agents of socialization have an impact on pester power of children? Subsidiary Research questions RQ2: Does parents/peer pressure has an impact on pester power? RQ3: Do advertisements and TV programs have an impact on pester power? Literature Review Kids represent an important market segment to marketers because kids have their own buying behavior. More importantly, kids could monitor the buying decisions of their adult parents because they are the adults of future. Today most of the advertisers spend more on TV advertisements having children content to attract more children which are going to change the behavior of their parents. There are different variables involved in pester power effectiveness. That is what McNeal and Yeh, (1997) has also stated that due to increase in awareness of children market potential had increased in three ways that the children were spending money they had, that is essentially their pocket money, to satisfy their own needs and wants. Secondly, they influenced their parents spending and finally they eventually would become a loyal customer base for the companies in the long run. Interaction with parents is the first thing that influences children buying behaviors. The parents teach their children the buying behavior. Same proposition was given by Ward et al (1977) that primary socialization agents for children were parents and children behavior in adulthood was dominated by their parental influence. If there is a direct and clear communication between the children and their parents then children could be easily influenced by their parents. Mostly the pester power works if there is more emotional engagement between the parents and their children. Children learn from their parents the way in which they live, buy and eat. Moore and Moschis (1981) and Mascarenhas and Higby (1993) stated that the most instrumental among social entities were parents from which children learnt consumer behavior. Another researcher Moschis (1985) has concluded that interaction of children with all other entities was majorly influenced by their parents, when they were in direct or in direct contact with each other. Along with this he also postulated that, because of the nature of parent-child relationship, effects of other agents of socialization like peer groups and mass media were modified to a large extent. Peer Pressure is the second component of the research question, which influences children buying behaviors. Children spent a lot of their time in certain peer groups such as at school, play places or street friends belonging to different families. A child learns a lot from other children. The extent to which these gatherings influence varies from situation to situation. For example, a child can even make a decision to buy his school bag by looking at other children. Same element of influence was studied by many researchers including Parsons et al., (1953), David and Roseboroug (1955), Moschis and Moore (1981) has described the impact of peer pressure in two ways, expressive consumption and effective consumption. By expressive consumption they mean the social motivations and the materialistic values that are associated with the purchases while on the other hand, purchase styles and modes of consumptions were categorized as effective consumption influence. This study comes in line with my study that social motivation and the purchase patterns of both the parents and peers influence children. This influence may or may not be productive as Bachmann, et al (1993) stated that consumption learning from peers affected child consumer socialization directly or indirectly. Another research, stated earlier, by Ward (1974) has explained the relationship of parental influence and peer pressure with age that as age increases parental influence is over shadowed by peer pressure Impact of advertisements content and TV programs on children has gained significant importance by researchers and marketers. Berns (2004) has given a reason for the fact that children are now being used as a marketing tool is their cognitive immaturity, he argued on this point by saying that children were more likely to believe that the images or characters they see on TV were real. Some of ways in which this agent of socialization influences the pester power of children are: Making children desire things which their parents do not want to purchase by showing attractive contents in advertisements. Encouraging children to influence or advocate the buying behavior of their parents Presenting children as heroes in a particular situation such as showing a scene in which other children are in danger and one child adopts the rule of savior etc. Making Children feel inferior by showing them that if they will not buy a particular product they are not good but bad. According to OGuinn and Shrum (1997),a advertising and programming content are the two channels of communication which inform children and young people about products and encourage them to purchase. Another point that O Guinn and Shrum (1997) has stated in their findings is that consumer behavior was learned by children more easily if they were targeted with persuasion shown in commercials and various TV programs. Expansion in media messages and continuous changes in media environment are two key contributors for increasing the level of advertisement subjected towards children. Store Visits and Retailing environments also influence children buying behavior as Shim, et al (1995) proposed that children became more conscious about the information regarding products such as price and brands the more often parent took their children for the shopping. Keeping this in view marketer induce sales by adding some incentives for children to influence their parents to buy a product. For example, a fast food restaurant usually adds play place along with the dining hall or some retailer give away toys, snacks, sweets as gift with the products purchased. Although products are for adults but retailers make children pester their parents to buy that product. The attractive display of product also works in inducing this power more efficiently; these kinds of purchases made by parents under the influence of children are usually impulse purchases. According to research conducted by Schulman and Clancy (1992) on the most admired after school activities among the children depicts that watching TV got the highest attractive scores while second on the list was shopping which shows that in either of the two cases our research questions are being supported that these agents of socializations are impacting children behavior to a large extent. Cartoon character and Celebrities endorsement also has some bearing on children buying behavior. A recent study conducted by Dotson and Hyatt (2005) states that association of brands with certain popular sports, music and stars had increase the level of influence on children. Almost all children watch cartoon programs and other children oriented TV programs such as Quiz shows, Sports Shows etc. By introducing heroic characters like super-man, spider-man and various celebrities in advertisement make children buy that product because of emotional attachment of children with these things. Product category and stage of decision making process are being varied by children as the amount of influence they exert and product they prefer. For some product categories they influence purchase made by the parents and for some other products they are active initiators, information seekers, and buyers. Children influence is different for different products, product sub division, nature of socialization of children and they prefer product what they are attracted towards. Beside of the goods which are for direct consumption, children shows their influence in buying of goods for their family as their parents are less involved in the goods are preferred by them and preference increases in case of less expensive and the products for their own use. (Belch, 2004) Today, most of the marketers are targeting kids because of the change in demographics and psychographics of children population. The first learning point for the children about Where to buy is from family. The family characteristics such as family environment and parental lifestyle enhances the impact of the role of children in the different stages of taking buying decisions, as stated by Belch (2004) as well. Most of the children, when they go out with their parents on shopping, learn where a particular product or service is available and how they can reach them. The second source of children learning about where to buy comes from peer or social group they usually spend their time. As Belch (2004) stated that cultural values influence consumption related behaviors of children. The third source of children learning about where to buy comes from different advertisements and TV programs. There is big problem for children and their parents as viewers because young children are easily at tracted towards the content of advertisements and promotions. Theoretical Framework The independent variable in this study is agents of socialization and the dependent variable is pester power of children. Agents of socialization Pester power Independent variable Dependent Variable Operationalization In order to quantify independent variable, agents of socialization, the researcher has identified two indicators based upon the findings of literature review which are operationalized as under: Parent/Peer pressure: How the parents buying behavior and patterns are learned by the children because they are in constant contact with them and to what extent the interaction of children with their peer transform their preferences for products? Advertisements / TV programs: How much attention children pay to what they see on television, the retail environment impact children in nagging for a particular product and to what extent children get inclined towards a cartoon character or even children in a commercial? In order to quantify the dependent variable, pester power the researcher has identified three indicators which are operationalized as follows: Product preferences: How much differences in preference of children make them influence their parents purchase decision? Where to buy: How do children know from where they can get their desired product? How to buy: Do they know the tactic of buying the product, by nagging? Hypothesis The hypotheses developed for conducting the research are: H1: There is a relationship between agents of socialization and pester power Null Hypothesis: There is no relationship between agents of socialization and pester power Alternative hypothesis: There is a positive relationship between agents of socialization and pester power. Objectives of the Research Study Several factors such as interaction with parents, interaction with peers, shopping experiences and advertisement (Normal + Celebrity endorsement) has increased the nagging behavior of children. The more increase in interactions of a child with all these factors; it gives rise to pester power or the power of nagging in the child. For measuring pester power, the researcher has prepared a questionnaire (See Appendix) for measuring the impact of these two variables (parent/peer pressure and advertising) on pester power in children. The objective of this study is to measure the nature of relationship that exists between parent/peer pressure, advertising and pester power. Another objective is to find out if only these variables are there to boost up the pester power or there is also something else which has not yet been discovered in the previous research conducted (literature review) on pester power. Due to limited time and money constraints, it is not possible to get accurate and pure results, but the researcher will try his best to get the better results from limited resources. The finding of this study will also be helpful in the professional career of researcher being a business student. There is dramatic increase in the population of youngsters. Being an entrepreneur or marketer, this study will help the researcher to devise an efficient marketing communication strategy in his professional career for example this part of population can be targeted in marketing campaigns because of their larger proportion in the total population and maximum net marketing contribution can be obtained out of it. Secondly, this study will also be beneficial to the parents. The reason is, due to increase in population of youngsters, the marketers are targeting them in their marketing communications. This trend has positive as well as negative effects. Some marketers are using unethical tactics to market their product which is socially unacceptable. This study will help the parents to efficiently control the exposure of children to advertising and parent/peer pressure to minimize pester power and its negative effects. Research Methodology Design This study will be a questionnaire study. In questionnaire study, the respondents will be given a questionnaire and they will have to select from only available options. It is not a laboratory experiment where the environment of respondents can be controlled. It is a social research and the respondents are humans. The environment or context of this research cannot be controlled. The researcher will conduct questionnaire surveys. Questionnaire surveys are appropriate because these surveys allow quantification of data and thus quantitative evidences will be used to justify the results from research study. Questionnaire Surveys will help to gain required responses which can be further converted in quantitative terms for research. Subjects To test above mentioned hypothesis, the researcher will need to find data about agents of socialization and level of pester power. This data will be collected from parents having kids entering a shopping mall. The researcher will be using non-probability sampling method. A sample size of 100 parents entering shopping malls will be taken. Large shopping malls will be targeted for carrying out this research study. Convenience sampling method will be used for this research study. Instruments Instrument for carrying out research is already discussed above which is questionnaire surveys (quantitative research) for getting deep insights of the research problem. The researcher chose questionnaire surveys to get desired responses because quantification of data was desired. Moreover, the subjects find it easy to select an answer from given responses and therefore the response rate of questionnaire surveys are high. An interviewer completed questionnaire of close-ended statements will be used. Each questionnaire is expected to be completed within 10 minutes. So, questionnaire surveys are more flexible than any other instruments for research. Therefore, the above instruments for research study are reliable. Similarly statistical tests like z-test and t-test will be used to measure the reliability of measures. Context The research will be applied to the retail industry of United Kingdom (UK) by visiting the retail chains, retail stores and shopping malls. The research will be conducted from parents visiting the retail stores, retail chains and shopping malls of UK retail industry. Only those parents will be interviewed who will have the children under the age of 10-20 years old. Results Results obtained from the research study will be tested and validated by statistical measures using Microsoft Excel and SPSS. A z-test and t-test will be used to test significance among variables. Moreover, ANOVA will also be used to test significance of variables. Similarly, results obtained from focus groups and in-depth interviews will be tested qualitatively by recording video of these events. Research Paradigm This study Impact of agents of socialization on pester power is a quantitative, deductive and correlation study. The study is quantitative because it involves collection and analysis of numerical data as questionnaires responses can be measured on different scales and could be coded. The study is deductive because hypotheses is tested as There is a positive relationship between agents of socialization and pester power. The researcher arrived at the above hypothesis from the literature review. Now, the researcher already has a statement in the form of hypothesis, and this statement would be tested by collection of data and analysis which is a deductive approach. Finally this study is correlation study because a relationship is being measured between two different kinds of independent variables and dependent variable. In this study, agents of socialization are independent variables and pester power is dependent variable. Ethical Concerns The participants of the research study will be involved in the research with their informed consent by explaining them the purpose of the research study. The participants of the research study will be at minimal risk with no physical harm. A briefing would be given to respondents about the purpose of study by explaining the true nature of our study in order to have their informed consent. The respondents will be given a free choice to opt for giving information and responding to the questionnaire. The element of confidentiality and privacy will be of major concern during this study. The researcher will ensure confidentiality by using dummy data. Limitations It is a single mans effort and therefore some limitations will also be associated with the project and these limitations would be constraints of time and cost. In case of questionnaires surveys, participant in hurry or thinking about something else may choose a wrong response. Moreover, fatigue, anger and hunger may alter the interpretations of surveys. There could be human errors in the analysis and presentation of results. Conclusion The prime users of the study conducted will be the marketers who have to develop their advertising campaign. This point is also very important for parents as well, they try to reduce this pester power in their children, because it bring about negative changes in them, this is the reason that many countries like Canada have banned such advertisements that enhances pester power in children.

Creative Story: If At First You Dont Succeed :: essays research papers

Creative Story: If At First You Don't Succeed "Eureka!" Sam excitedly exclaimed. "I've done it! I'm set for life and my happiness is assured. With this new invention I'll be honored for my brilliance, and I might even win the nobel prize!" he chirped ecstatically. Sam was a chicken, the great great great grandson of the Not-So-Great Chixken Little, who, in case the reader is ignorant, was the chick who thought the sky was falling and got everyone eaten by a crafty old fox [SIC]. Sam was a well built chicken, quite muscular in fact, and extremely inventive, but, unfortunately, he had no brains when it came to reality. His motto was: " If at first you don't succeed, try, try again," and he would never give up even if there was no way he could win. To this very day he still has an annual football game against a childhood friend, Bono, who is a prize winning, full grown bull. (In case the reader hasn't discovered it, after every game, Sam has a visit to the hospital where he is an infamous character, continually joked about by the nurses and doctors who work there.) *** "You may see Mr. Monty now, sir," the secretary informed Sam. He nervously eyed the door in front of him. The big, bold lettering stated: MR. JP MONTY EXECUTIVE PRESIDENT Doubts about his ability to make a good impression entered his mind, but Sam immediatly gathered himself together, glanced back at the sheep secretary, and entered the room. THe stately pig sat behind a magnificently carved oak desk in the most luxurious office Sam had ever seen. A plush oriental rug covered the floor from wall to wall, and paintings, pictures, and diplomas adorned the brightly colored walls. Extremely expensive ornaments were conspicuously displayed, spreading a DO-Not-Touch atmosphere around the room. But the room was nothing compared to the pig lounged in the sleek, black, leather chair. He was not fat, he was immense, he had one of those stomachs that literally hung over his waistband. His four chins wiggled like Jell-O as he turned his chubby head to face Sam. "Yeees," Mr. JP Monty stated suggestively. " Sir, this is your lucky day! I am the esteemed architect of the greatest invention of all time, and I have picked you, to invest in it. This will certainly earn you enormous profits ince the public gets ahold of my wonderful creation. What do you say sir? Are you with me or not? I know that if you decide to endorse my idea, then you will be greatly rewarded in the future,

Managing Diversity Essays -- International Management

International management refers to the pursuit of organizational objectives in more than one nation. International management has evolved as a discipline of increasing importance in recent years. The underlying reason is that the corporate community is becoming more and more diverse. Improvements in transportation and communications and lower production costs in many countries around the world have made global markets more accessible. Although United States-based firms have immediate access to huge domestic markets, they have steadily increased the proportion of their foreign markets. It has been estimated that about 10 percent of all jobs in North America are dependent upon export and import trade. Other indicators, including foreign investments, profits earned overseas, and fees and royalties paid to firms abroad, point to an increase in corporate internationaliza ¬tion. Next we will look at some of the challenges facing managers who work in an international environment. CHALLENGES AND PROBLEMS FACING THE INTERNATIONAL MANAGER A host of interacting and overlapping forces create problems for the manager in an international setting that are infrequently faced by the manager who works for a company doing business in only one country. The term infrequently is chosen because some countries are so large geographically that they contain radically different subcultures within their own boundaries. We will summarize 11 factors that the international manager may have to m...

A Peaceful Evacuation Essay

The purpose of this paper is to explain what leadership style Lieutenant Colonel Yaron exhibited as the commander of battalion for the evacuation operations. This paper will give three examples of his leadership action and behaviors. This paper will also analyze the leadership style that Lieutenant Colonel Daniel exhibited and give three examples of his leadership action and behaviors. It will discuss the pros and cons of each example given. This paper will then compare and contrast the two Lieutenants and it will take a look at the interrelationship using Jung theory and the four personality traits. Lieutenant Colonel Yaron There are many types of leadership styles one can only imagine what type of leader one would need to be in order to handle the difficult task at hand that Lieutenant Colonel Yaron had to encounter. Yaron displayed two types of leaders: directive and participative. During his trial on striving to gain a grasp on what he should do to make this project successful he had many face-to face meetings, telephone calls, and email communications with some top officers in the air force. He was very hands on when it came to approaching commanders of units so he could find suitable soldiers for his task. He even stated himself that he â€Å"finally felt direct openness and communication between the senior commander and his subordinates† (Laufer, 2012). Yaron needed that feeling that everyone was on the same page and he didn’t want to move forward with a plan until he knew that everyone one was. This was all a ploy to make sure that the morale level was at one and it worked just nicely. What makes Yarn a participative leader is him putting himself in the same situation that one of his soldiers may be in. for example the visited a home that one of his soldiers would be coming into soon to remove the people within. That experience made him see how settlers were emotionally and how to tell his soldiers how to address the settlers. It was that firsthand experience that made his mission a peaceful mission. The pros of being a directive leader in Yaron case is that he had open communication several departments so everyone was on the same page. This helped keep the lines of communication seamless so there should be no reason  to wonder what Yaron wanted and how he wanted to do it. The cons in having this time of leadership in Yaro n’s case is that there were many people that didn’t want to follow his plan at first. This could have caused people to rally up against him spread false word about him eventually driving him out of the position he was appointed to. Sometimes keeping information to oneself is half the battle won. Not everyone should know the cards that you hold in your hand. Yaron Him putting himself in the â€Å"battlefield† is great as far as experience is concerned. He was able to relate to the settlers and give that valuable information over to his battalion so they would be prepared. The best teacher is experience. The con of that could have been him being injured and now the army would have to find another leader to help the soldiers remove the settlers from Gaza. Being a leader at times means putting you self in harm’s way. Lieutenant Colonel Daniel Lieutenant Colonel Daniel style was that of consultative and participative leadership style. This is shown by Daniels working with a team of psychologist to help refine the guidelines for the evacuation project. He went through several think tanks to see what would work best for the mission at hand. Once he was able to find the best method he then set up workshops. â€Å"In these workshops, participates were trained to evacuate children and families form their home and to cope with the possibility of evacuation under fire and violence on the part of the settlers† (Laufer, 2012). Daniel was concerned about the mental and emotional well being of both the evacuators and evacuees. The cons of being this type of leader is it helps to display an culture of trust where the members of they team know that you have their best interest in mind and will make sure that any actions that are taken will help ensure you are protected and cared for. It also helps the leader serve as a figure he ad of the group and gains respect from the members of the group. The con to this is that it could be looked at as a weakness. Many times leaders have to make decisions that are not popular with the masses of the group. They make decisions that are bigger than the group but reaps a better benefit for the project as a whole. If a leader was to be so focused on their member’s feelings or concerns it could cloud their judgment and show weakness in their ability to make decisions. Lieutenant Colonel Yaron verse Lieutenant Colonel Daniel Lieutenant Colonel Yaron and Lieutenant Colonel Daniel have some leadership qualities in common such as they both care about their evacuators and evacuates. They both wanted to make sure that both parities involved understood the dynamics of what was attempting to be done and wanted both parties to be mentally and physically prepared of what may happen. Both Yaron and Daniel took advice from others around them to ensure they were making the best decision. They were not afraid to revamp and try another method in order to complete their mission. Also they both wanted a peaceful outcome of their removal of the Jews from Gaza. End the end the goal was clear to make sure both parties left unharmed and to have the least amount of confusion as possible. When looking at the differences in the leadership roles it safe to say that Yaron took this mission on as his own personal challenge, â€Å"Yaron, who perceived it as a personal challenge, immediately responded favorably and one week later was informed that the Air Force Commander had approved his appointment† (Laufer, 2012). Daniel on the other hand was just trying to help out the mission no personal attachments were needed for him. Yaron took on many roles as he was coming up with solution for the evacuation such as being apart of the planning team, training team and chief supplier. Yaron also differed from Daniels because he actually went out to meet evacuates to see how the felt and to see the environment that the soldiers would be working in. This is what gave him the upper hand on making his mission successful. He was afraid to do of him self what he asked his soldiers to do. Today both of these types of leaders still live today so it’s safe to say that they would lead in the same fashion as they did before. One is not better that the other though one should be over a different project than the other. The Jung theory and personality traits would consider individualism, these gentlemen acted as though they were content and satisfied with their outcome and decision made to retrieve their outcome, indicating individualism or persona being used. Both had some type of spirituality and or alchemy involved when making their decision, this can be seen by the sensitivity being used doing the evacuation process. Conclusion In conclusion Lieutenant Colonel Yarn and Lieutenants Colonel Daniel had many  personality traits in common and those that differed from each other. At the end of their evacuation both leaders used what traits they had within them to make the best possible decision that they both thought worked best for them and the members involved. This just goes to show that there is no wrong way to lead as long as everyone has the same goal to achieve. Reference: Laufer, A. (2012). Mastering the leadership role in project management: Practices that deliver remarkable results. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice-Hall-Pearson A Peaceful Evacuation Essay According to Vance Packard, leadership appears to be the art of getting others to want to do something that you are convinced should be done (Lewis, 2003). Leadership is a pertinent part of project management. James Lewis (2003) says leadership is not a position; it’s the ability to gain commitment from people. According to Professor Warren G. Bennis, â€Å"Leaders are people who do the right thing; managers are people who do things right†. The importance of leadership in a project is demonstrated in the case study, â€Å"A Peaceful Evacuation: Building a Multi-Project Team Battalion by Leading Upward†. This case study involves two leaders, who had similar, but mostly, different leadership styles and strategies. Lieutenant Colonels Yaron and Daniel were both put in charge of enforcing a Disengagement Plan brought forth by Israeli Prime Minister Ariel Sharon and finding the best course of action to evacuate settlements along the Gaza Strip. In this essay, I will a nalyze the leadership styles of Lieutenant Colonels Yaron and Daniel and provider three examples of the leadership actions and behaviors for each subject. This essay will then compare and contrast the Lieutenants and will examine the interrelationship using the four personality traits and the Jung theory. Lieutenant Colonel Daniel, the chief psychologist of the Southern Command, felt that research was the first step in the project. Daniel conducted searched to locate relevant information on the topic of evacuation to learn from the experience of the past (Laufer, 2012). In the case study, Daniel uses adaptive and participative leadership styles. An adaptive leadership style is a fluid style that takes into consideration the context of the environment and the individual being led. For example, Daniel says, â€Å"Due to the complex situation, we were concerned that the emotional burden on the soldiers would be too heavy†¦Our success will be measured by the ability to help find the correct balance between determination and sensitivity†. A participative leadership style seeks input from others and participates with those they are leading in the decision making process. An example of this leadership style is when Daniel gathered other Israeli Defense Forces (IDF) psychologists for a â€Å"day of thinking together,† with the objective of  expressing and listening to their different opinions about potential problems that may arise in the evacuation project (Laufer, 2012). Daniel’s strategy was to brainstorm to identify key issues and mitigate risks. He felt that preparation was the key to completing the mission. Daniel also used the term â€Å"we†, instead of â€Å"I†. His group of psychologists worked as team to identify how to execute the mission according to the government’s guidelines while ensuring that the damage incurred during the evacuation itself would be minimal. Lieutenant Colonel Yaron displayed two types of leadership styles: directive and participative. Directive style is telling people what to do and expecting them to jump right to it. It is one of the oldest styles and frequently called autocratic. Yaron was accustomed to being lead with this style so, in turn; he used the same leadership style to lead. Yaron was very hands-on and encouraged the battalion’s company commanders to initiate ongoing meetings with their soldiers. Yaron met, called and emailed with some of the top officers in the air force. He made immediate inquiries with the top colonels through face-to-face meetings, telephone calls, and email communication. Because of this style, Yaron found that the quality and motivation of certain staff fell far short of meeting his needs (Laufer, 2012). Yaron wanted to make sure that everyone was on the same page. Yaron is a participative leader because he went to tour the settlement first hand. He wanted to know what his batta lion would have to deal with. By visiting the settlement, Yaron realized that the mission could not be successful with average squad leaders. Squad leaders must be top notch because they will be the ones interacting with the people. A Peaceful Evacuation Essay Describe the leadership style that Lieutenant Colonel Yaron exhibited as the commander of a battalion for theevacuation operation. Provide three (3) examples of his leadership actions and behavior. Discuss the pros and cons in each example you describe to support the response. Analyze the leadership style that Lieutenant Colonel Daniel exhibited as he took center stage to lead this complex military operation. Provide three (3) examples of his leadership actions and behavior, assessing the pros and cons in each example you describe to support the response. Compare and contrast the leadership styles of Lieutenant Colonel Yaron and Lieutenant Colonel Daniel. Provide three (3) examples of the similarities and differences between these project leaders, and discuss how each leader might address contemporary leadership issues and challenges in Israel today. Discuss Lieutenant Colonel Yaron and Lieutenant Colonel Daniel interrelationship using Jung theory and the four (4) personality traits. Provide three (3) examples of how Lieutenant Colonel Yaron and Lieutenant Colonel Daniel personality and leadership style might enhance or hinder team performance for the complex military operation in this case study. Your assignment must: Be typed, double spaced, using Times New Roman font (size 12), with one-inch margins on all sides; citations and references must follow APA or school-specific format. Check with your professor for any additional instructions. Include a cover page containing the title of the assignment, the student’s name, the professor’s name, the course title, and the date. The cover page and the reference page are not included in the required assignment page length. The specific course learning outcomes associated with this assignment are: Apply the concepts of project leadership to implement sound leadership practices and effectively lead high-performance teams in a project environment. Determine the most appropriate leadership style (e.g., directive, consultative, participative, or delegative) in a projectenvironment to effectively manage the project. Analyze the project team using Jung theory and the four personality traits to understand human  behavior and motivate team members Use technology and information resources to research issues in project management leadership. Write clearly and concisely about project management leadership using proper writing mechanics. A Peaceful Evacuation Essay Abstract The purpose of this paper is to explain what leadership style Lieutenant Colonel Yaron exhibited as the commander of battalion for the evacuation operations. This paper will give three examples of his leadership action and behaviors. This paper will also analyze the leadership style that Lieutenant Colonel Daniel exhibited and give three examples of his leadership action and behaviors. It will discuss the pros and cons of each example given. This paper will then compare and contrast the two Lieutenants and it will take a look at the interrelationship using Jung theory and the four personality traits. Lieutenant Colonel Yaron There are many types of leadership styles one can only imagine what type of leader one would need to be in order to handle the difficult task at hand that Lieutenant Colonel Yaron had to encounter. Yaron displayed two types of leaders: directive and participative. During his trial on striving to gain a grasp on what he should do to make this project successful he had many face-to face meetings, telephone calls, and email communications with some top officers in the air force. He was very hands on when it came to approaching commanders of units so he could find suitable soldiers for his task. He even stated himself that he â€Å"finally felt direct openness and communication between the senior commander and his subordinates† (Laufer, 2012). Yaron needed that feeling that everyone was on the same page and he didn’t want to move forward with a plan until he knew that everyone one was. This was all a ploy to make sure that the morale level was at one and it worked just nice ly. What makes Yarn a participative leader is him putting himself in the same situation that one of his soldiers may be in. for example the visited a home that one of his soldiers would be coming into soon to remove the people within. That experience made him see how settlers were emotionally and how to tell his soldiers how to address the settlers. It was that firsthand experience that made his mission a peaceful mission. The pros of being a directive leader in Yaron case is that he had open communication several departments so everyone was on the same page. This helped keep the lines of communication seamless so there should be no reason to wonder what Yaron wanted and how he wanted to do it. The cons in having this time of leadership in Yaron’s case is that there were many people that didn’t want to follow his plan at first. This could have caused people to rally up against him spread false word about him eventually driving him out of the position he was appointed to. Sometimes keeping information to oneself is half the battle won. Not everyone should know the cards that you hold in your hand. Yaron Him putting himself in the â€Å"battlefield† is great as far as experience is concerned. He was able to relate to the settlers and give that valuable information over to his battalion so they would be prepared. The best teacher is experience. The con of that could have been him being injured and now the army would have to find another leader to help the soldiers remove the settlers from Gaza. Being a leader at times means putting you self in harm’s way. Lieutenant Colonel Daniel Lieutenant Colonel Daniel style was that of consultative and participative leadership style. This is shown by Daniels working with a team of psychologist to help refine the guidelines for the evacuation project. He went through several think tanks to see what would work best for the mission at hand. Once he was able to find the best method he then set up workshops. â€Å"In these workshops, participates were trained to evacuate children and families form their home and to cope with the possibility of evacuation under fire and violence on the part of the settlers† (Laufer, 2012). Daniel was concerned about the mental and emotional well being of both the evacuators and evacuees. The cons of being this type of leader is it helps to display an culture of trust where the members of they team know that you have their best interest in mind and will make sure that any actions that are taken will help ensure you are protected and cared for. It also helps the leader serve as a figure he ad of the group and gains respect from the members of the group. The con to this is that it could be looked at as a weakness. Many times leaders have to make decisions that are not popular with the masses of the group. They make decisions that are bigger than the group but reaps a better benefit for the project as a whole. If a leader was to be so focused on their member’s feelings or concerns it could cloud their judgment and show weakness in their ability to make decisions. Lieutenant Colonel Yaron verse Lieutenant Colonel Daniel Lieutenant Colonel Yaron and Lieutenant Colonel Daniel have some leadership qualities in common such as they both care about their evacuators and evacuates. They both wanted to make sure that both parities involved understood the dynamics of what was attempting to be done and wanted both parties to be mentally and physically prepared of what may happen. Both Yaron and Daniel took advice from others around them to ensure they were making the best decision. They were not afraid to revamp and try another method in order to complete their mission. Also they both wanted a peaceful outcome of their removal of the Jews from Gaza. End the end the goal was clear to make sure both parties left unharmed and to have the least amount of confusion as possible. When looking at the differences in the leadership roles it safe to say that Yaron took this mission on as his own personal challenge, â€Å"Yaron, who perceived it as a personal challenge, immediately responded favorably and one week later was informed that the Air Force Commander had approved his appointment† (Laufer, 2012). Daniel on the other hand was just trying to help out the mission no personal attachments were needed for him. Yaron took on many roles as he was coming up with solution for the evacuation such as being apart of the planning team, training team and chief supplier. Yaron also differed from Daniels because he actually went out to meet evacuates to see how the felt and to see the environment that the soldiers would be working in. This is what gave him the upper hand on making his mission successful. He was afraid to do of him self what he asked his soldiers to do. Today both of these types of leaders still live today so it’s safe to say that they would lead in the same fashion as they did before. One is not better that the other though one should be over a different project than the other. The Jung theory and personality traits would consider individualism, these gentlemen acted as though they were content and satisfied with their outcome and decision made to retrieve their outcome, indicating individualism or persona being used. Both had some type of spirituality and or alchemy involved when making their decision, this can be seen by the sensitivity being used doing the evacuation process. Conclusion In conclusion Lieutenant Colonel Yarn and Lieutenants Colonel Daniel had many  personality traits in common and those that differed from each other. At the end of their evacuation both leaders used what traits they had within them to make the best possible decision that they both thought worked best for them and the members involved. This just goes to show that there is no wrong way to lead as long as everyone has the same goal to achieve. Reference: Laufer, A. (2012). Mastering the leadership role in project management: Practices that deliver remarkable results. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice-Hall-Pearson